Controllers are often overloaded with logic in traditional Apex code.
This creates tight coupling between UI and business rules.
A cleaner approach requires a clear boundary.
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The Controller layer focuses only on exposing data to LWC or Aura components.
It delegates all business decisions to the Service layer.
It also ensures users receive consistent, friendly error messages.
This responsibility split is often highlighted when learning UI-to-service separation through SalesforceTrail scenarios.